View source for Building stock in Helsinki

[[Category:Helsinki]]
[[Category:Buildings]]
{{variable|moderator=Jouni}}

== Question ==

What is the building stock in Helsinki and what are some of the key parameters of energy use?

== Answer ==

=== Data ===

* [[Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland]]
* http://era17.fi/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/sitran_selvityksia_39.pdf page 25
* http://www.teeparannus.fi/attachements/2010-12-21T11-54-1114846.pdf pages 8-9, also 40-45
* http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/tiedotteet/2007/T2377.pdf page 20-21, also 30, 80
* [[Heating consumption of buildings]]

==== Building stock ====

The structures of the tables are based on CyPT Excel file N:\YMAL\Projects\ilmastotiekartta\Helsinki Data Input Template - Building Data.xlsx.

'''Table 1. Effective floor area of buildings by building type.

<t2b name="Effective floor area of buildings" index="Building,Year" locations="Baseline,2020,2025,2050" unit="m2" desc="Year of baseline,Type of data,Quality,Description">
Residential|27884795|32472388|34890241|44069914|2014|||Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
Public|4537025|4764475|4945952|5855546|2014|||Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
Industrial|3277271|3306063|3360467|3640854|2014|||Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
Other|10861972|11406505|11840973|13806423|2014|||Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
</t2b>

;Notes: 
* Estimates were based on {{#l:Siemens City Performance toolin seuraava kokous 2.2.pdf}} and some derived calculations on {{#l:BUILDING STOCK CALCULATION 2015.xlsx}}.
* How to get the numbers for the ''baseline floor area'' for residential, public, industrial and other: Residential floor area was named as residential together, public by summing the floor area of health care, education  and common  buildings, industrial buildings were as such and other buildings comprise of business, traffic, office and storage buildings.
* Ref. Helsinki master plan for 2050: there are 860 000 citizens living in Helsinki  (ref. www.yleiskaava.fi, visio2050);  Residental buildings => fast growth
* Prediction of citizen number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
* Helsinki’s climate policy: 30% reduction in emissions:  In 2010 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors was 94%, and in industry 6%.  In 2020 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors is estimated to be 96%, and in industry 4%. Public and other buildings => between fast growth option and basic option,  Industry=> Basic option
* Prediction of job number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
* {{#l:Tables one and two.pdf}} The presentation of Tables 1 and 2 
* Estimates for floor area development are asked from Alpo Tani (KSV) and Olli-Pekka Pietiläinen (SYKE) as well (26.5.). No answers yet. 

''Technical notes'': 
: Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Absolute increase/decrease rate will be based on the inhabitants projected in time.
: This is another list building types that was considered but rejected as too complex: Residential buildings, Government & public administration buildings, Commercial offices buildings, Data centers buildings, Education and K12 and universitiy buildings, Hospitals and healthcare buildings, Hotels and hospitality and leisure buildings, Exhibitions and fairs and halls buildings, Retail and stores and shops buildings, Warehouses & shopping mall buildings, Industrial buildings, Non residential buildings unspecified
Types of data used in CyPT:
* Average, City
* Example, city
* Average, city close by
* Example, city close by
* Average, national
* Example, country
Qualities of data used in CyPT
* Statistics 
* Extrapolated
* Calculated from statistics 
* Calculated from stat. inc. assumptions


'''Table 2. Existing situation of important energy parametres in the building stock.

<t2b name="Existing situation of total stock" index="Property,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" desc="Description" unit="%">
Wall insulation|17||||Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx and CyPT Data collection - To Jouni.pptx
High efficient glazing|35|||| Energy performance class A in building automation and www.siemens.com 
Efficient lighting in baseline|1.4||||Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx
Demand oriented lighting|26.9||||Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx
Building Efficiency Monitoring|||||
Building Remote Monitoring|||||
Building Performance Optimization|||||
Demand controlled ventilation|16.2 - 22.4||||Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx: Non-residential, cell C35
Heat and Cold Recovery in ventilation|17.8||||
Efficient Motors|||||
Building Automation BACS Class C|||||
Building Automation BACS Class B|||||
Building Automation BACS Class A|||||
Room Automation HVAC|30||||www.siemens.com
Room Automation HVAC + lighting|||||
Building Automation HVAC + lighting + blinds|60||||www.siemens.com
</t2b>

Description of parametres:
* Wall Insulation: Building outside walls with a thermal transmission coefficient < 0.5(W/(m²*k)  
* High efficient glazing: Building outside windows with a thermal transmission coefficient < 1(W/(m²*k     
* Efficient lighting: Building with lighting technology with an efficiency of >75lumen/Watt    
* Demand oriented lighting: Buildings with a lighting regulation that controls the presents of users and/or the incident sun light to dim or shut off the lighting to save electricity.  
* Efficient Motors: Buildings that are equipped with pressure regulated variable speed drives for heating circulation pumps or ventilation drives.  
* Building Remote Monitoring: Buildings with metering and remote evaluation of energy demand, so that an professional engineer can evaluate the energy demand and the need for maintenance and improvement measures   
* Building Performance Optimization: Buildings with an optimization contract, where an professional engineer can start maintenance and  improvement measures  
* Demand controlled ventilation: Buildings with a ventilation regulation that controls the air quality (e.B.CO2) to slow down or shut off the ventilation when it is not needed to save electricity.  
* Heat and Cold Recovery in ventilation: Buildings where the heat/cold of the exhaust air is recovered by a heat exchanger to precondition the fresh air to save energy for cooling/heating.  
* Room Automation HVAC: Buildings where the heating/ventilation/Air Condition demand is regulated to the demand of every single room to prevent energy demand for not used rooms.    

;Notes: Data from: 
* {{#l:CyPT Data collection - To Jouni.pptx}}
* {{#l:Default Building Data - Helsinki.xlsx}}
* [http://www.siemens.com/download?A6V10330398 Energy performance class A in building automation] www.siemens.com [http://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com]
The numbers found are not reliable but most of the high technology buildings such as insulated walls, windows.... are started to build from 10 to 15 years ago, so if we could find the building area in the year 2000, we could subtract that from the building area in Helsinki at the moment and get the building area which is built during these 10-15 years and they are high tech building areas with regard to 2 % renovation rate and rebuilding which is on going every year which should be added to the total amount.

''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.<br />

==== Energy demand ====

'''Table 3. Total energy demand by energy type and building type.

<t2b name="Total energy demand by type" index="Energy type,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" desc="Description" unit="kWh /m2 /a">
Electricity|||||
Cooling|||||
Heating|||||
</t2b>

;Notes: Heating includes warm water. 
:{{comment|# |See [[Helsinki energy decision 2015]]. More of relevant data may be collected there.|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] ([[User talk:Jouni|talk]]) 14:16, 19 May 2015 (UTC)}}
:{{comment|# |These numbers could be estimated from the [[Building model]] when teh Facta data is applied. We are planning to do that in early June, 2015.|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] ([[User talk:Jouni|talk]]) 08:22, 21 May 2015 (UTC)}}

''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.

'''Table 4. Shares of different energy sinks by building type.

<t2b name="Share of energy demand by use type" index="Energy type,Use,Building" locations="Residential,Other,Public,Industry" unit="kWh /m2 /a" desc="Description,Auxiliaries">
Cooling|Infiltration|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Cooling|Ventilation|0.0|0.0|0.0|9.0||PPT
Cooling|Losses through walls through transmission|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Cooling|Heat input by solar radiation through windows|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Cooling|Losses through windows through transmission|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Cooling|Other effects (e.g. people, electrical Appliances)|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Heating|Infiltration|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Heating|Ventilation|29.19|27.56|27.22|27.22||PPT
Heating|Walls|34.75|32.81|32.40|32.40||PPT
Heating|Windows|15.49|14.63|14.44|14.44||PPT
Heating|Floors|8.74|8.25|8.15|8.15||PPT
Heating|Roofs|9.33|8.81|8.70|8.70||PPT
Heating|Other|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Heating|Warm water|1.89|0.0|1.76|1.76||Copenhagen Excel
Electricity|Lighting|2.82|20.05|49.68|8.67||Copenhagen Excel
Electricity|Appliances|24.84|18.74|14.19|13.00||Copenhagen Excel
Electricity|Ventilation|0|12.03|21.29|18.24||Copenhagen Excel
Electricity|Other|0.56|23.69|56.77|51.76||Copenhagen Excel
</t2b>

;Notes: 
* Data from {{#l:Climate policies Helsinki additional data.zip}}
* We went through the data mentioned above and also the files given in {{#l:Climate policies Helsinki data.zip}} but could not find the data for cooling, heating:infiltration, heating:other, heating:warm water:other and electricity:ventilation:residential.
* Total estimated amount of energy needed for cooling 23504480 kWh/a (whole Helsinki). Based on [http://www.energiatehokashelsinki.fi/energiankulutus/Helsinki] 14332 GWh/a for housing (total energy demand minus traffic 18 % [http://www.stadinilmasto.fi/files/2013/04/PEK-raportti.pdf] and [http://www.korjaustieto.fi/pientalot/pientalojen-energiatehokkuus/energiatehokkuus-pientaloissa/pientalon-energiankulutus-ja-paastot.html] 2 % of total energy demand of housing used for cooling. Total floor area of Helsinki needed (table 1).

''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries: see table.


'''Table 5. Changes in energy efficiency of different energy sinks.

<t2b name="Efficiency increase decreasing energy demand" index="Energy type,Use,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" desc="Description" unit="% /a">
Electricity|Lighting /Lamp stock|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Electricity|Appliances|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Electricity|Ventilation|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Electricity|Other|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Cooling|Infiltration|2|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Cooling|Ventilation|2|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Cooling|Other (e.g. electric appliances, people)|2|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Infiltration|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Ventilation|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Floors|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Roofs|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Other reasons|0.6|0.6|0.6|0.6|
Heating|Warm water|1.1|0.6|0.6|0.6|
</t2b>

;Notes:
* Estimated 3 % of houses renovated/year and 20 % increase in energy efficiency when renovated. [http://www.hel.fi/static/rakvv/ohjeet/energiatehokkuus_korjaamisessa.pdf] Data apart from 0.6% values from {{#l:Climate policies Helsinki additional data.zip}} 
* The presentation about tables 4 and 5 {{#l:PresentationHW9.pptx}}

''Technical notes:''  Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.


'''Table 6. Important energy parameters.

<t2b name="Energy parameters" index="Parameter,Unit,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" unit="-" desc="Description,Auxiliary">
Ratio of wall area / effective area|-|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.00||PPT
Ratio of window/effective area|-|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.00||PPT
U-value of windows|W /m2 /K|1.0|1.4|1.4|1.4||PPT
Solar heat gain coefficient "G-Value" of windows|%|0.40|0.0|0.0|0.0||PPT
Efficiency increase of G-value of windows|% /a|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||Excel
Efficiency increase of U-value of windows|% /a|0.0|0.0|0.0|0.0||Excel
U-value of building walls|W /m2 /K|0.16|0.25|0.25|0.28||PPT
</t2b>

;Notes: 
* Data used: [[Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland]]. 
* Data {{#l:Climate policies Helsinki additional data.zip}} only contained 0.00 for all the parameters.
* EU legislation value for U-value of windows in the document below was 1.0, so we used it for building buildings and the past years' values for the non-residential buildings. We assumed this will be the new residential buildings to be within the legislative value. <ref>Economidou, M., Atanasiu, B., Despret, C., Maio, J., Nolte, I., & Rapf, O. (2011). Europe’s buildings under the microscope. A Country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings, 131.</ref> <ref>Kragh, J., Laustsen, J. B., & Svendsen, S. (2008). Proposal for Energy Rating System of windows in EU. DTU Civil Engineering-Report R-201.</ref> <ref>http://www.ziegel.at/gbc-ziegelhandbuch/eng/ressourcen/energie/graue.htm</ref>
* HW9 table 6 presentation: {{#l:Helsinki Building Stock.pptx}}

''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries: see table.

Values derived from [[Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland]] (these could be used to update Table 6):

{| {{prettytable}}
|+ '''Important energy parameters
!Parameter || Value || Table ||Description
|----
|| Efficiency increase of U values walls 1/a|| 0.019642857|| u.factor||(0.28-0.17)/0.28/(2010-1990)
|----
|| Efficiency increase of U values windows 1/a|| 0.014285714|| u.factor||(1.4-1)/1.4/(2010-1990)
|----
|| U value wall W/m2/K|| 0.17-0.28|| u.factor||values for buildings built 1990-2010
|----
|| U value window W/m2/K|| 1.0-1.4|| u.factor||values for buildings built 1990-2010
|----
|| G value %|| 70|| sun.heat.absorption.parameters||
|----
|| Ratio of wall/effective area|| 0.647727273|| surface.area|| year 2010: 114/176
|----
|| Ratio of window/effective area|| 0.1|| surface.area|| year 2010: 17.6/176
|----
|}

==== Lighting ====

'''Tables 7-8. Run times and shares of lamps by lamp type and building type.

<t2b name="Average run time of lamps per year" index="Lamp,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" desc="Description" unit="h /a">
Incandescent lamps|||||
Compact fluorescent lamps|||||
Fluorescent lamps|||||
Low voltage halogen lamps|||||
Medium voltage halogen lamps|||||
</t2b>

<t2b name="Shares of lamp types" index="Lamp,Building" locations="Residential,Public,Industrial,Other" desc="Description" unit="%">
Incandescent lamps|||||
Compact fluorescent lamps|||||
Fluorescent lamps|||||
Low voltage halogen lamps|||||
Medium voltage halogen lamps|||||
</t2b>

;Notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.

==== Other ====

Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Nice to have specific factor otherwise we adapt standard data or other studies.

{| {{prettytable}}
|+''Possibly important information
!Data!!Result
|----
|Number of households||
|----
|Number of persons per household||
|}

=== Facta database building categories and heating types ===
'''These tables are based on FACTA database classifications and their interpretation for assessments.

{{comment|# |The final classification to four types is different from what is shown in this table. We classified each building first to Residential, Industrial or Miscellaneous. From the Miscellaneous we substracted the city-owned buildings to get the classes "Other" and "Public". Public means only buildings owned by the city in this case. Industrial is only the class "Teollisuusrakennukset". Residential is "Asuinrakennukset" ja "Vapaa-ajanrakennukset.|--[[User:Signatiu|Signatiu]] ([[User talk:Signatiu|talk]]) 09:33, 3 June 2015 (UTC)}}

<t2b name="Building types" index="Building types in Facta" obs="Building" unit="-">
Ammatilliset oppilaitokset|Public
Asuntolat, vanhusten palvelutalot, asuntolahotellit|Other
Elokuvateatterit|Public
Hotellit, motellit, matkustajakodit, kylpylähotellit|Public
Kahden asunnon talot|Residential
Kasvihuoneet|Industrial
Kauppavarastot|Industrial
Kirjastot|Public
Kirkot, kappelit, luostarit, rukoushuoneet|Public
Korkeakoulurakennukset|Public
Kulkuneuvojen suoja- ja huoltorakennukset|Industrial
Lasten päiväkodit|Public
Lastenkodit, koulukodit|Residential
Liike- ja tavaratalot, kauppakeskukset|Other
Monitoimi- ja muut urheiluhallit|Other
Museot, taidegalleriat|Public
Muut erilliset pientalot|Residential
Muut kerrostalot|Residential
Muut liikenteen rakennukset|Industrial
Muut palo- ja pelastustoimen rakennukset|Other
Muut sairaalat|Other
Muut teollisuuden tuotantorakennukset|Industrial
Muut terveydenhoitorakennukset|Other
Muut urheilu- ja kuntoilurakennukset|Other
Muut uskonnollisten yhteisöjen rakennukset|Public
Muut varastorakennukset|Other
Myymälärakennukset|Other
Peruskoulut, lukiot ja muut|Public
Pysäköintitalot|Other
Rautatie- ja linja-autoasemat, lento- ja satamaterminaalit|Public
Ravintolat, ruokalat ja baarit|Public
Rivitalot|Residential
Saunarakennukset|Other
Seurakuntatalot|Public
Talousrakennukset|Other
Teollisuus- ja pienteollisuustalot|Industrial
Teollisuushallit|Industrial
Toimistorakennukset|Other
Tutkimuslaitosrakennukset|Other
Vapaa-ajan asunnot|Residential
Voimalaitosrakennukset|Industrial
Väestönsuojat|Other
Yhden asunnon talot|Residential
Muualla luokittelemattomat opetusrakennukset|Other
Muut kokoontumisrakennukset|Public
Muut rakennukset|Other
Muut sosiaalitoimen rakennukset|Public
Myymälähallit|Other
Teollisuusvarastot|Industrial
Yhdyskuntatekniikan rakennukset|Other
Järjestöjen, liittojen, työnantajien yms. opetusrakennukset|Other
Muut huoltolaitosrakennukset|Industrial
Tietoliikenteen rakennukset|Industrial
Seurain-, nuoriso- yms. talot|Public
Terveyskeskukset|Public
Vanhainkodit|Residential
Luhtitalot|Residential
Navetat, sikalat, kanalat yms.|Industrial
Muut majoitusliikerakennukset|Other
Muut majoitusrakennukset|Other
Muut maa-, metsä- ja kalatalouden rakennukset|Other
Kehitysvammaisten hoitolaitokset|Residential
Loma- lepo- ja virkistyskodit|Other
Eläinsuojat, ravihevostallit, maneesit|Other
|Other
Paloasemat|Other
Vuokrattavat lomamökit ja osakkeet (liiketoiminnallisesti)|Other
Teatterit, konsertti- ja kongressitalot, oopperat|Public
Jäähallit|Public
Keskussairaalat|Other
Näyttelyhallit|Other
Terveydenhoidon erityislaitokset (mm. kuntoutuslaitokset)|Other
Viljankuivaamot ja viljan säilytysrakennukset, siilot|Industrial
Uimahallit|Public
Vankilat|Other
Ketjutalot|Residential
Tennis-, squash- ja sulkapallohallit|Other
</t2b>

<t2b name="Heating types" index="Heating types in Facta" obs="Heating" unit="-">
|Other
Kauko- tai aluelämpö|District heating
Kevyt polttoöljy|Light oil
Kivihiili, koksi tms.|Coal
Maalämpö tms.|Geothermal
Puu|Wood
Raskas polttoöljy|Fuel oil
Sähkö|Electricity
Kaasu|Gas
Muu|Other
</t2b>

==== Renovations ====

Estimates from Laura Perez and Stephan Trüeb, unibas.ch N:\YMAL\Projects\Urgenche\WP9 Basel\Energy_scenarios_Basel_update.docx

<t2b name='Fraction of houses renovated per year' index="Age" obs="Result" desc="Description" unit= "%">
0|0|Estimates from Laura Perez and Stephan Trüeb
20|0|Assumption Result applies to buildings older than the value in the Age column.
25|1|
30|1|
50|1|
100|1|
1000|1|
</t2b>
{{attack|# |Basel's data|--[[User:Heta|Heta]] ([[User talk:Heta|talk]]) 12:30, 4 June 2015 (UTC)}}

<t2b name='Popularity of renovation types' index='Renovation' obs='Fraction' desc='Description' unit='%'>
None|0|
Windows|65|
Technical systems|30|
Sheath reform|5|
General|0|
</t2b>
{{attack|# |Basel's data|--[[User:Heta|Heta]] ([[User talk:Heta|talk]]) 12:30, 4 June 2015 (UTC)}}

==== Emission locations ====

Where and how do the emissions of heating take place?

<t2b name='Emission locations' index='Heating,Emission site,Emission height' obs='Dummy' unit='-'>
District|4056|High|4056 is the postal code of the heat and power plant IWB, Hagenaustrasse 40/70 4056 Basel.
Long-distance heating|4056|High|
Electricity|4056|High|
Geothermal|4056|High|
Centrifuge, hydro-extractor|4056|High|
Heating oil|At site of consumption|Ground|
Wood|At site of consumption|Ground|
Gas|At site of consumption|Ground|
Coal|At site of consumption|Ground|
Solar heater/ collector|At site of consumption|Ground|
No energy source|At site of consumption|Ground|
Other sources|At site of consumption|Ground|
</t2b>
{{attack|# |Basel's data|--[[User:Heta|Heta]] ([[User talk:Heta|talk]]) 12:30, 4 June 2015 (UTC)}}

<t2b name="Locations of postal codes" index="Area number,Area code,N" obs="E" unit="epsg:ETRS-TM35FIN">
1 | KRU | 6672352 | 386953
2 | KLU | 6672912 | 385513 
3 | KAA | 6671692 | 386153
4 | KAM | 6671692 | 385233
5 | PUN | 6671352 | 385113
6 | E | 6670792 | 385573
7 | UL | 6670372 | 385973
8 | KAT | 6671752 | 387933
9 | KAI | 6670632 | 387573
10 | SÖR | 6674072 | 387453
11 | KAL | 6673712 | 385933
12 | ALP | 6673712 | 385933
13 | ETU | 6672552 | 383733
14 | TAK | 6673472 | 384753
15 | ARI | 6673872 | 382813
16 | RUS | 6676072 | 383793
17 | PAS | 6676092 | 385093
18 | LAA | 6675052 | 384433
19 | MUS KOR | 6672592 | 388413
20 | LÄN | 6670552 | 384033
21 | HER | 6675432 | 387573
22 | VAL | 6674912 | 386573
23 | TOU | 6676272 | 387793
24 | KUM | 6676192 | 386593
25 | KÄP | 6676932 | 386153
26 | KOS | 6677812 | 387393
27 | VAN | 6676972 | 387933
28 | OUL | 6678952 | 386533
29 | HAA | 6678032 | 383353
30 | MUN | 6674752 | 381733
31 | LAU | 6670952 | 381593
32 | KON | 6679852 | 380593
33 | KAA | 6680752 | 382413
34 | PAK | 6680392 | 385993
35 | TUO | 6682492 | 385653
36 | VII | 6676912 | 389553
37 | PUK | 6680352 | 388573
38 | MAL | 6680252 | 390153
39 | TAP | 6682632 | 389273
40 | SUUT | 6684152 | 389693
41 | SUUR | 6682512 | 393113
42 | KUL | 6674292 | 389193
43 | HER | 6675272 | 391093
44 | TAM | 6674252 | 392653
45 | VAR | 6677372 | 394013
46 | PIT | 6678172 | 381453
47 | MEL | 6679192 | 394193
48 | VAR | 6672872 | 393793
49 | LAA | 6672072 | 391593
50 | VIL | 6670412 | 395553
51 | SAN | 6668612 | 392993
52 | SUO | 6668912 | 388813
53 | ULK | 6666992 | 395973
54 | VUO | 6675252 | 397553
55 | ÖST | 6681312 | 399633
56 | SAL | 6679252 | 398513
57 | TAL | 6679452 | 400333
58 | KAR | 6680652 | 401453
59 | ULT | 6683472 | 400453
</t2b>

=== Calculations ===

This code creates ovariables that are needed to run the [[Building model]] and its ovariables buildings and heatingEnergy.
 
<rcode name="initiate" label="Initiate objects (developers only)" embed=1>
library(OpasnetUtils)

# [[Buildings in Basel]], building stock, locations by postal codes (in A Swiss coordinate system)
stockBuildings <- Ovariable("stockBuildings", ddata = "Op_en7115.stock_details")
colnames(stockBuildings@data)[colnames(stockBuildings@data) == "Built"] <- "Time"
colnames(stockBuildings@data)[colnames(stockBuildings@data) == "Postal code"] <- "City_area"

# Construction rate is assumed to be 2 % /a from the year 2010 building stock.

changeBuildings <- stockBuildings
changeBuildings@name <- "changeBuildings"
colnames(changeBuildings@data)[colnames(changeBuildings@data) == "stockBuildingsResult"] <- "changeBuildingsResult"
changeBuildings@data$changeBuildingsResult <- changeBuildings@data$changeBuildingsResult * 0.02
changeBuildings@data$Time <- NULL
changeBuildings@data <- merge(changeBuildings@data, data.frame(Time = 2015 + 0:7 * 5))

# Geolocations of the buildings for emission calculations. OLD VERSION
# emissionLocations <- Ovariable("emissionLocations", ddata = "Op_en7115.locations_of_postal_codes")
# colnames(emissionLocations@data)[colnames(emissionLocations@data) == "emissionLocationsResult"] <- "Y"
# emissionLocations@data$emissionLocationsResult <- 1

emissionLocations <- Ovariable("emissionLocations", ddata = "Op_en7115", subset = "Emission locations") 
colnames(emissionLocations@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(emissionLocations@data))
emissionLocations@data$emissionLocationsResult <- 1

heatingShares <- 1 # This is already in the Basel data.

renovationRate <- Ovariable('renovationRate',
	dependencies = data.frame(Name = "dummy"),
	formula = function(...) {
		temp <- tidy(opbase.data('Op_en7115', subset = 'Fraction of houses renovated per year'))
		temp$Age <- round(as.numeric(as.character(temp$Age)))
		out <- as.data.frame(approx(
			temp$Age, 
			temp$Result, 
			n = (max(temp$Age) - min(temp$Age) + 1),
			method = "constant"
		))
		colnames(out) <- c("Age", "renovationRateResult")
		out$renovationRateResult <- out$renovationRateResult / 100
		out <- Ovariable("renovationRate", output = out, marginals = c(TRUE, FALSE))
		return(out)
	}
)

renovationShares <- Ovariable("renovationShares",
	dependencies = data.frame(Name = "dummy"),
	formula = function(...) {
	out <- Ovariable("raw", ddata = 'Op_en7115', subset = 'Popularity of renovation types')
	out <- findrest((out), cols = "Renovation", total = 100) / 100

	renovationyear <- Ovariable("renovationyear", data = data.frame(
		Startyear = factor(c(2030)),
		Result = 1
	))

	out <- out * renovationyear # renovation shares repeated for every potential renovation year.

	out@output$Renovation <- factor(out@output$Renovation, levels = c(
		"None", 
		"General", 
		"Windows", 
		"Technical systems", 
		"Sheath reform"
	), ordered = TRUE)

	return(out)
	}
)

objects.store(
	stockBuildings, # Current building stock
	changeBuildings, # Building stock change per year
	emissionLocations, # Locations of buildings and emissions
	heatingShares, # Heating types of current buildings
	renovationRate, # Percentage of renovations per year
	renovationShares # Fraction of renovation type when renovation is done. From [[Building stock in Kuopio]]
)

cat("Objects
	stockBuildings, 
	changeBuildings,
	emissionLocations,
	heatingShares,
	renovationRate,
	renovationShares
stored.\n")

</rcode>

== See also ==

{{Helsinki energy decision 2015}}

* [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Building_stock_in_Helsinki&oldid=35248#Calculations Descriptions about the summary calculations on sheet Parameter Balance] (not needed any more).
* [http://ptp.hel.fi/paikkatietohakemisto/?id=125 Rakennustietoruudukko pääkaupunkiseudulta] [https://www.hsy.fi/fi/asiantuntijalle/avoindata/Sivut/AvoinData.aspx?dataID=14]

== References ==

<references/>

== Related files ==
<!-- __OBI_TS:1431310608 -->